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Archive/Truth Lab
PILLAR 03 · FACT VERIFICATION

History is full of convenient stories. We reopen each case.

Every case in Truth Lab is rebuilt from primary sources — federation documents, club annuals, newspaper logs — and published with a signed verdict: busted, confirmed, or still disputed. Folklore is allowed here, but only when it is labeled as folklore.

9 verdicts 5 busted 2 confirmed 2 disputed
1994

Did Baggio's missed penalty lose Italy the 1994 World Cup?

5 of Italy's 8 goals, 5 of their 6 knockout goals, a final played on a wounded leg — and the shootout was already 3-2 to Brazil before his kick. The scapegoat verdict fails on arithmetic.

Myth Busted World Cup 1994 Sources: FIFA records + shootout rebuild
1996

Shearer's world-record move killed his form

He scored 25 goals in 31 league games in his debut season after the record move — a third straight Golden Boot. The “flop under pressure” narrative collapses on contact with the fixture list.

Myth Busted Newcastle 1996 Sources: fixture logs
1998

What really happened to Ronaldo on the night of the 1998 final

Convulsions five hours before kick-off, back in the lineup 42 minutes before it, 0-3 after ninety. Twenty-eight years, six explanations, none sealed — the archive's first disputed verdict.

Disputed Paris 1998.07.12 Sources: hearing testimony + hospital records
1998

Was Batistuta substituted out of Argentina's 1998 World Cup?

The official team sheet says he played every minute of the quarter-final — and hit the post twice. The substitution everyone remembers happened four days earlier, against England, in a match Argentina won. A false memory, transplanted onto the wrong fixture.

Myth Busted World Cup 1998 Sources: FIFA team sheets + substitution log
1998

Did one red card lose England the 1998 World Cup?

Ten men conceded nothing for 73 minutes, Campbell's winner was wrongly disallowed, and the shootout that decided it does not contain Beckham's name. The “one stupid boy” verdict fails on arithmetic.

Myth Busted World Cup 1998 Sources: shootout log + card ledger
1995

Did one kick destroy Eric Cantona’s peak?

Involved in both goals on comeback night; a double and the FWA in his first full season back — 249 days could not confiscate three trophies in 22 months. What ended the peak was the retirement he signed himself, on 18 May 1997.

Myth Busted Selhurst Park 1995 Sources: PL archives + sanction & court records
1994

Group D 1994: the hat-trick that was never his

Six matches, 18 goals, 12 names: the Cotton Bowl belonged to three men, while the group's only real hat-trick came the same day in another city — Batistuta. Three teams on six goals, split across 3, 4 and 5 scorers.

Myth Busted Group D attribution recomputed Source: our published Case 013 ledger
1995

Higuita logged 300+ career saves before 1997

Reconstructed from club annuals and newspaper logs, the verified figure sits at 214. The rest belongs to folklore — we now track it separately.

Disputed Atlético Nacional Sources: club annuals

Full dossiers for all twelve verdicts are live (Cases 003—014: Shearer 1996, Zidane 2006, Ronaldo 1998, Cameroon 1990, Higuita 1995, USA '94, Baggio 1994, Batistuta 1998, Beckham 1998, Cantona 1995, Maradona 1994, Group D attribution) — click the titles to open the case files. The homepage section 05 keeps the current verdict summaries. BallFact's 1994 files (10 of them) share a focus entrance: America 1994 · A Focus.

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